Intese Wind Found in the Neighbourhood of a Black Hole

An international team of astrophysicists have detected an intesne wind from one of the closest known black hole.

During observations of V404 Cygni, which went into a bright and violent out burst in June 2015 after more than 25 years of quiescence, the team began taking optical measurements of black hole's accretion disc using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS - the biggest optical - infrared telescope in the world, situated at the Roque deloos Muchachos observatory in the Canary Island.

The results published in Nature, it shows the presence of a wind of natural materials i.e. unionized hydrogen and helium which is formed in the outer layers of the accretion disc, regulation the accretion of material by the black hole. This wind detected for the first time in a system of this type has a very high velocity  which is about 3000 km per second. so that it can escape from the gravitational field around the black hole.

Professor Charles from University of Southampton said, "Its presence allow us to explain why the outburst, in spite of being bright and very violent, with continuous changes in luminosity and ejections of mass in the form of jets, was also very brief, lasting only weeks."

At the end of this outburst the GTC observations revealed the presence of a nebula formed from material expelled by the wind. This phenomenon which has been observed for the first time in a black hole, also allows scientists to estimate the quantity of mass ejected into the interstellar medum;

It is a black hole within a binary system located in the constellation of Cygnus. In such systems, of which less than 50 are known; a black hole of around 10 times the mass of the sun is swallowing material from a very near by star, its companion star. During this process material falls onto the black hole and forms an accretion disc whose hotter inhermost zones emit in X-rays. In the outer regions, however we can study the disc in visible light which is the part of the spectrum observable with the GTC.

This is one of the closest known black hole to the earth, whose distance is only 8,000 light years away from earth; it has a large accretion disc with a radius  pf about 10 million km making its outbursts especially bright at all wavelengths.

Black Hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing - including particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light - can escape from inside it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon. Although crossing the event horizon has enormous effect on the fate of the object crossing it, it appears to have no locality detectable features. In many ways  a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking Radiation, with the same kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, making it essentially impossible to observe. 

Objects whose gravitational fields are too strong for light escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. The first modern solution of general relativity that would characterize a black hole was found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, although its interpretation as a region of space from which nothing can escape was first published by David Finkelstein in 1958. Black holes were long considered a mathematical curiosity; it was during the 1960s that theoretical work showed they were a generic prediction of general relativity. The discovery of neutron stars sparked interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality.

Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. by absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form. There is general consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies.

Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Matter that falls onto a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming some of the brightest objects in the universe. If there are other stars orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the the black hole's mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary system, and established that the ration source known as Sagittarius A*, at the core of our own Milky way galaxy, contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses.

Source: Wikipedia

A Black Hole 660 million Times as Massive as Our Sun

A super massive black hole sits at the center of the galaxy NGC 1332, which is 73 million light years from the Earth. According to the research study it's about 660 million times as massive as our sun, and a cloud of gas circles it at about 1.1 mph.

Normally black holes are found at the centers of the galaxies and are so dense that their gravity pulls anything that is close enough, including light. A black hole can form after matter, often from an exploding star, condenses via gravity. Super massive black holes at the centers of galaxies grow by swallowing gas, stars and other black holes. But just because there is a black hole in your neighborhood, it does not act like a cosmic vacuum cleaner. Stars can come close to a black hole, but as long as they're in stable orbits and moving fast enough, they won't enter the black hole.The black hole at the center of the Milky Way is the biggest black hole of our own galaxy. But we are not going to stuck in it.

Scientists think every massive galaxy has a massive black hole at its center. The ubiquity of black holes is one indicator of the profound influence that they have on the formation of the galaxies in which they live.

Understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies is one of the major challenges for modern astrophysics. The scientists' findings have important implications for how galaxies and their central super massive black holes form. The ratio of a black hole's mass to a galaxy's mass is important in understanding their makeup. Research suggests that the growth of galaxies and the growth of their black holes are coordinated. And if we want to understand how galaxies form and evolve, we need to understand super massive black holes.

Part of understanding super massive black holes is measuring their exact masses. The lets scientists determine if a black hole is growing faster or slower than its galaxy. If black hole mass measurements are inaccurate, scientists can't draw any definitive conclusion.

To measure NGC 1332's central black hole, scientists tapped ALMA's high resolution observations of carbon monoxide emissions from a giant disc of cold gas orbiting the hole. They also measured the speed of the gas.

Black hole has been a very active area of research for the last 20 years for the astrophysicists. many research comes out these days about black holes. Lets see what we found about the black holes in the near future.

Source: Astrophysical Journal